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Fiberglass is a widely used man-made mineral fiber. It was
first produced in the 1920's. In the 1950's, when it became
apparent that asbestos was a health hazard, fiberglass became
a popular substitute. The similarities to asbestos has allowed
fiberglass to be very versatile. But the concerns that were
voiced regarding asbestos are now being applied to fiberglass
as well.
Types of fiberglass
There are three main types of fiberglass. Each type has different
physical dimensions and properties that affect the suitability
for specific applications and may also affect human health in
different ways. These types are:
Continuous fibers (used in electrical insulation, cement
and plastics reinforcement);
Insulation wool (for thermal and acoustic insulation);
Special purpose fibers (used for heat resistance and light-weight
materials).
Ill effects of fiberglass
Fiberglass is an irritant. Skin irritation is generally
associated with thick fibers that can be found in insulation
wools and filamentous glass. Fiberglass may also cause irritation
of the eyes and throat. If there is extended exposure, fiberglass
may produce irritation dermatitis and difficulty in breathing,
which will go away once exposure has ceased.
Studies conducted to determine whether fiberglass can have
a carcinogenic effect have suggested that it depends on exposure
and type and size of fibers.
The larger continuous fibers, with diameters greater than
3µm (micrometers) and length greater than 10µm
have been designated as an "A4" substance which
signifies "Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen".
But there is insufficient data to draw a conclusion either
way about any cancer causing potential.
Glass wool that has diameters down to 0.05µm and
lengths greater than 1µm have been designated as an
"A3" substance. This classifies the glass wool as
an animal carcinogen, but indicated that the dose and the
routes of exposure of the animal studies are not considered
to be relevant to worker exposure. Hence, the agent is not
likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or
unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
Protective measures
There are many ways to protect yourself and lower your exposure
if you are working with fiberglass.
Always wear goggles and appropriate work gloves. Be sure
to cover all exposed skin with long sleeve shirts and long
pants.
During low-level exposure to airborne fibers, at least a
dust mask should be worn to protect your throat and lungs.
After the work is done, always wash your hands and face
thoroughly.
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